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Note: Pleural effusion and Haemothorax cannot be differentiated because soft tissue cannot be differentiated on Chest X-Ray. Mediastinal shift: which is on the opposite side, i.e, structures shift to the opposite side of pleural effusion.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (macrophages congested in alveoli making a crazy paving pattern)ģ.ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome).All except interstitial (viral) pneumonia.Air bronchogram sign: visualization of air in bronchus surrounded by alveolar opacity.Mediastinal shift: The structures on mediastinum shift to the side of the collapsed lung.This is the most reliable direct sign of Collapse. Displacement of interlobar fissure: because the lobes of lung collapse, the fissures in between the lobes move up or down because of hyperinflation of normal lobe against collapsed lobe.The differential diagnosis of three important causes if unilateral (one side) opaque thorax are:- 1. Atelectasis- Collapse of lung resulting in loss of airĪlso seen in Plethora, i.e, increase I vascularity.Consolidation- Replacement of air by something abnormal.Talking about when Hyperlucency (increase in blackness) or Hyperopacity (increase in whiteness) occurs:- Unilateral Lung Hyperopacity If X-Ray is abnormal, where is this abnormalityīefore we proceed to pathological approaches to Chest X-Rays, let’s see what layers the X-Rays hit when they enter the body.Define whether X-Ray is normal or abnormal.The basic approach when seeing a chest X-Ray always sequentially as:. Increase in soft tissue or abnormal bone.Decrease in soft tissues or absence of bone.Therefore, we can conclude the following easily:. White color appears because of Bones and soft tissues.Lucency and Opacity in Chest X-Ray LucencyĪnything that appears dark or black on chest X-Ray is said to be lucent.Īnything that appears light or white on chest X-Ray is said to be Opaque. Now let’s proceed to start studying the X-Ray. The Chest X-Ray is usually divided into three zones as: The front opaque appearing side of ribs is actually its posterior side.īefore we proceed, let us see what structures lie in a normal Chest X-Ray:.
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Two points can just help you quickly count ribs from top to bottom: If the anterior end of 6th or 7th rib reaches mid-clavicular line of the diaphragm, it is Inspiratory X-Ray. There is fundal view in erect position because all the air in the stomach comes in fundus when the patient is standing.
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This can be well understood by the following:. The point to add is that there is apparent Cardiomegaly in AP view as compared to PA view because there is a slight magnification of heart since the heart is away from view capturing film. PA is most common X-Ray done where AP is usually done when the patient cannot stand and X-Ray machine is brought to him on bed and views are taken from anterior to posterior. PA or Posteroanterior view- The view is from back to frontĭifference between PA vs AP view Chest X-Ray.AP or Anteroposterior view- The view is from front to back.1.1 Difference between PA vs AP view Chest X-Ray.But the basics of Chest X-Ray here will guide you through various aspects, including Counting ribs, PA vs AP view, Inspiratory vs Expiratory X-Ray, Erect vs Supine, Lucency and Opacity and some common terms like Consolidation and Pleural Effusion. It first appears too complicated to read the chest X-Rays because we barely know what lies where and what to make out of it. X-Ray is a type of radiography and most widely used investigation. Now before that we move on to sharing the Understanding Basics of Reading Chest X-ray with you, here are a few important details regarding this book which you might be interested. We hope that you people find our blog beneficial! In order to ensure that user-safety is not compromised and you enjoy faster downloads, we have used trusted 3rd-party repository links that are not hosted on our website.Īt, we take user experience very seriously and thus always strive to improve. In this blog post, we are going to share Understanding Basics of Reading Chest X-ray .